Token economy psychology definition6/20/2023 The type of tokens, behaviors, schedule of exchange, type of exchange, and choices can all be adjusted for individual needs. The best way to present and explain a token economy will vary depending on the person. If he or she becomes uninterested in a certain previously preferred reinforcer, the token may still be motivating because it can be exchanged for a different reinforcer. This makes it a useful tool when preferences change quickly and/or environmental factors change the person’s motivation for reinforcement of a certain kind. In a token economy, tokens can be paired with so many things (all of the choices you can make in regard to exchange) that they themselves become reinforcing in many situations and environments. The tokens become what behavior analysts call generalized conditioned reinforcers. A token economy will allow for a quicker pace of instruction and, with the correct introduction and exposure, the tokens or points themselves will become reinforcing. It can be quicker to have the student work for tokens or points. In the classroom, however, this can slow down instructional time because you have to interrupt teaching in order to deliver the reinforcer. When working with individuals with autism and other special needs, it is at times most appropriate to use continuous reinforcement and provide a reinforcing item directly after they engage in a behavior you want to increase. To earn a paycheck, you need to go to work and complete your job responsibilities (behavior) in turn, you receive money (tokens) for working and you can exchange this money for a nearly unlimited number of reinforcing items (choices). Tokens and points can come in many forms. One effective method of reinforcement is the use of “token economies.” Token economies have three major components: 1) a behavior or behaviors someone needs to exhibit 2) tokens or points earned for engaging in those behaviors and 3) exchanging tokens or points for a choice of reinforcing rewards. This response to positive reinforcement is a part of everyday life that we can utilize when we work to modify the behaviors of children and adults with special needs. If the reward, or reinforcer, is something he really wants, he will likely repeat the behavior that earned him the reward. The same is true for a child who earns a reward for completing his homework. For example, when you do something that earns a smile, a “thumbs up,” or a pat on the back from a friend, family member, or colleague, it is more likely that you will do it again. When a behavior is reinforced, or rewarded, it is likely to be repeated. PBS Consultation for DDS-Funded Organizations.Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (PBIS).
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